The Paiute and Anasazi Indians were the first on the scene in Las Vegas, followed by the Spanish explorers of 1829, who named it “the meadows” for its water-rich marshland. The next major visitor was John C. Fremont in 1843, who produced and distributed a map of the area. It was the Mormons that came in 1855 who first tried to really settle in the valley, but the Paiutes ran them off. Despite this the area began to grow as it was used as a resting point in the journey from Utah to California. This led to the next big figure in Nevadan history to enter center stage: William Clark, who built a railroad and land a townsite. The railroad was the backbone to significant growth in the following decades, until the real driver of modern Las Vegas came about in 1931 with the legalization of gambling.

The story of modern Las Vegas is really that of the Strip, which was initially simply known as Route 91. Thomas Hull opened El Rancho Vegas in April 1941, and this was the first step in drawing the crowds away from the Downtown casinos. Next came R.E. Griffith who built the Last Frontier on 175 acres in October 1942. This was the first themed hotel that Vegas had seen.

The first famous episode in the Strips’s history started when the founder of the Hollywood Reporter, Billy Wilkerson, acquired 33 acres south of the Last Frontier and started construction of the Flamingo in April 1945. Wilkerson was a compulsive gambler, and when he misallocated development funds his mob partners Gus Greenbaum and Moe Sedway secured $1m from crime boss Meyer Lansky to continue the project. Benjamin “Bugsy” Siegel was asked to oversee the investment, and he eventually took it over. Unfortunately he rushed the opening in December 1946 and it had to close one month later because it did not have enough rooms available to generate the funds to maintain operations. The Flamingo reopened in 1947 with 93 rooms available, and it was an instant success, however, the cost overruns were not forgotten and Bugsy was shot to death in his Hollywood bungalow.

In the history of Las Vegas it is easy to forget the credit due to the true pioneers: Thomas Hull and R.E. Griffith. In the story of the Flamingo it is easy to forget the importance of Billy Wilkerson’s initial vision, and the operational skills of Greenbaum and Sedway. For many people it will always be Bugsy who built the Strip.

The Flamingo changed Las Vegas by opening it up to more sophisticated customers than those that visited Downtown, and once the concept was proven the hotel was quickly followed by the western-themed Thunderbird in 1948, and the Palm Springs-inspired Desert Inn in 1950. Next came the Sahara, the Sands, the Royal Nevada, the Dunes and the Riviera – all in place by 1955. But it wasn’t over and the Hacienda opened in 1956, the Tropicana in 1957, and the Stardust in 1958.  The Stardust was the first hotel to realize the potential of the mass market, and its 1,000 rooms were soon filled with average folks who enjoyed gambling.

It was Jay Sarno who bridged the gap from this building boom to the destination resort that we know today. Sarno was a visionary who opened Caesar’s Palace in 1966, and followed it up with Circus Circus. He paved the way for those that followed, and it was Steve Wynn and Kirk Kerkorian who took up the reigns.

The Mirage Hotel opened on 22nd November 1989, and the Strip has never been the same since. Whilst Las Vegas Boulevard had seen mega-resorts before, such as Kirk Kerkorian’s International and MGM, a young Steve Wynn raised the stakes with his Mirage and started a trend that transformed 1990s Las Vegas. The building boom that followed delivered: Excalibur (1990), Rio (1990), Luxor (1993), MGM Grand (1993), Treasure Island (1993), Hard Rock (1995), Monte Carlo (1996), Stratosphere (1996), New York, New York (1997), Bellagio (1998), Mandalay Bay (1999), Paris (1999), Venetian (1999), and new Aladdin (2000).

Following in Hull’s footsteps was developer R.E. Griffith who bought up 175 acres on the highway and built the Last Frontier. Opening in October 1942 this was Vegas’s first themed casino and its tribute to the wild west proved popular. The Carrillo Bar was named after the Cisco Kid’s sidekick, and there were stuffed animals throughout the casino.

Next came the casino that people mistakenly think was the start of the Strip. Billy Wilkerson, founder of the Hollywood Reporter, bought 33 acres south of the Last Frontier in 1945 and started construction of the Flamingo in April of the same year. Wilkerson had Gus Greenbaum and Moe Sedway as operating partners despite their links to organized crime, but the biggest problem was that he was a degenerate gambler. He gambled on the development itself when he started it without sufficient funds to complete it, and he also lots thousands of dollars of his own money as he played the tables during the construction period. The project ran out of money, and crime boss Meyer Lansky came in with $1m to invest.

Soon after Lansky’s cash injection one of his representatives, Benjamin Siegel, came to oversee the investment. Bugsy Siegel first split the project with Wilkerson, and then moved on to take the whole thing over. But Bugsy was no developer, and cost overruns and changes led to a delayed opening in December 1946. It opened without the rooms being complete and thus the casino could not generate the funds to maintain operations: the Flamingo closed just one month after it had opened.

It was in March 1947 that the Flamingo reopened with 93 rooms available. It pretty quickly started to generate profits, but it seems that the mob had not forgotten the cost overruns: in June 1947 Bugsy was killed, and Gus Greenbaum and Moe Sedway stepped in to run operations.

In the story of Las Vegas it is easy to forget the credit due to the true pioneers: Thomas Hull and R.E. Griffith. In the story of the Flamingo it is easy to forget the importance of Billy Wilkerson’s initial vision, and the operational skills of Greenbaum and Sedway. For many people it will always be Bugsy who built the Strip.

The Flamingo opened up a new market to Las Vegas of more sophisticated customers than those that visited Downtown. Once the Flamingo’s success was proven the Strip underwent a period of rapid development in the 1950s. The western-themed Thunderbird opened in 1948, and the Palm Springs-inspired Desert Inn opened in 1950. With each new development the luxury was ratcheted up, and the Desert Inn provided the Strip’s first golf course. Next came the Sahara, followed by the Sands, the Royal Nevada, the Dunes and the Riviera. All of these hotels were complete by 1955 and the Strip had just witnessed the first of its building booms. But the growth spurt still had legs, and the Hacienda opened in 1956, the Tropicana in 1957, and the Stardust in 1958.  The Stardust was the first hotel to realize the potential of the mass market, and its 1,000 rooms were soon filled with average folks who enjoyed gambling.

It was in the 1960s that Jay Sarno came along with the concept of massive themed resorts. The creator of Caesar’s Palace and Circus Circus, Sarno was a visionary. When Caesar’s opened in 1966 it was an instant hit. Sarno doubled up and took his Caesar’s profits to build Circus Circus. It was not until Sarno sold Circus Circus to William Bennett and William Pennington in 1974 that it started performing well. The two Williams toned down the circus act, removed the admission fee and targeted the mass market. Despite the mixed results of his hotels Sarno and paved the way for future casino developers who had grand ideas for the Strip. The ideas would eventually extend outside of casinos to Las Vegas Strip Condos, but that development phase has had mixed results.